Knee pain is a common symptom that every person experiences at least once.This can be one-off and occur after injuries, overloads or unsuccessful movements.More rarely, it is pathological, caused by inflammatory, degenerative and dystrophic processes of the knee joint, knee ligaments, adjacent bones or surrounding soft tissues.
The intensity and nature of the pain can vary: from minor discomfort to debilitating, burning, sharp or cutting pain.Often, pain is accompanied by additional symptoms - swelling of soft tissues, local increase in skin temperature, redness and swelling.If knee pain bothers you periodically or for more than one to two days, do not ignore the symptom and seek help from a doctor.An orthopedist or traumatologist will make a diagnosis, determine the causes of pain and select the appropriate treatment.
Causes of knee pain
- Bruises after a fall on the knees or blows, in which exudate accumulates outside the joint capsule or in it, and the skin quickly acquires a characteristic reddish-blue tint;
- sprain caused by excessive tension - with damage to muscles, ligaments, synovial bursa, popliteus muscle - is accompanied by accumulation of exudate and often instability in the knee joint;
- partial avulsion or complete rupture of ligaments as a result of strong external force, which is accompanied by prolonged loss of stability and significant functional limitations of the limb
- A meniscus tear is a consequence of simultaneous flexion and twisting of the knee, when the meniscus is partially or completely torn from the tibia;
- rupture of the cruciate ligaments, most often occurring during braking movements;
- primary osteoarthritis - pathological wear of the articular cartilage, which loses elasticity and causes increased friction in the joint and constant pain in the knee;
- rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack the synovial membrane, gradually destroying articular cartilage and connective tissue;
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome is pain in the knee joint, in the anterior part, which develops as a result of excessive loads and is not accompanied by any structural changes.
Types of knee pain
Painful sensations in the knees are divided into several groups according to the following criteria:
Due to the appearance
- Physiological: The body's natural reaction to long periods of standing, sitting, or in an uncomfortable position;
- traumatic - the result of damage to the knee joint itself and adjacent tissues;
- pathological - a consequence of inflammation of the knee joint, dystrophic or degenerative processes.
By frequency
- Single - most often they are physiological in nature, non-intensive and disappear on their own within a few minutes or hours;
- periodic - associated with regularly repeated loads, for example in professional athletes or with recurrent diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis;
- chronic - they constantly bother a person, most often occur with joint pathologies and can intensify as the disease progresses.
By time of event
- Occurring only after exercise, such as walking or squatting;
- worse after trying to step on the foot;
- constantly disturbing, regardless of physical activity and stress on the injured leg.
Diagnostic methods
When a patient complains of knee pain, the doctor notes the symptoms, specifies when the pain began, what injuries and other factors preceded its development.To limit the list of suspected joint injuries and diseases, he carries out an examination with palpation and checks mobility during examinations.A specialist makes an accurate diagnosis after blood tests and hardware diagnostics, for example, x-ray or magnetic resonance imaging:
Which doctor should I contact?
To diagnose the cause of your knee pain, see a rheumatologist or orthopedist.If the pain syndrome was preceded by an injury, make an appointment with a traumatologist.Depending on the accompanying symptoms, a consultation with a surgeon and neurologist may be necessary.
Treatment of knee pain
The course of treatment for painful knees depends on their causes.Minor bruises and sprains are treated with rest and the use of local warming and healing ointments.For more serious injuries, it may be necessary to immobilize the limb using an orthosis or cast: in such cases, to relieve pain, the patient is prescribed painkillers in the form of tablets or injections.Treatment of joint diseases is carried out comprehensively, with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, chondroprotective drugs and physiotherapeutic procedures.
Consequences
After an injury, the prognosis depends on the severity of the injury.Typically, healing from bruises and sprains takes up to 1 to 2 weeks.Rehabilitation after a ligament rupture takes longer;The worst prognosis for meniscus fractures is that instability of the knee joint may persist for a long time.
Joint diseases without timely treatment cause their gradual destruction, deformation and loss of mobility.Often the changes are irreversible and if treatment is not started in time, normal functioning of the joint cannot be restored.
Preventing knee pain
- Do regular warm-ups if you stand for a long time or sit in an uncomfortable position;
- avoid overloads and knee injuries;
- avoid hypothermia, wear warm pants in winter;
- eat more foods containing vitamin D and phosphorus;
- regularly undergo scheduled medical examinations by an orthopedist and do not trigger any degenerative and inflammatory processes in the knee joint.